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EDITORIAL GOVERNANCE

Show the publisher. Then test the claim.

Government publication, witness testimony and independent verification are different categories. These standards keep them separate.

01

Documented release

The named publisher released the document, imagery or statement. This verifies provenance only—not the underlying claim, analysis or conclusion.

02

Independently corroborated

Relevant underlying data or testimony has been checked through a genuinely separate source, method or witness. The scope and limits of corroboration are stated.

03

Publisher says resolved

The cited organisation assigned an explanation. We attribute that conclusion to the publisher and do not adopt it without independent evidence.

04

Publisher says unresolved

The cited organisation reports insufficient information or continuing uncertainty. This does not establish an exotic origin.

05

Testimony

A named or documented witness made the claim. Corroboration, first-hand access and evidentiary support are described separately.

06

Hypothesis

An explanatory model or research proposal that has not been established by the case evidence.

INSTITUTIONAL INDEPENDENCE

AARO is a record source—not a verification authority.

AARO pages are indexed only to document what the US government has released or claimed. The site does not treat AARO's statistics, redactions, methods, case resolutions or historical conclusions as independently verified. The same rule applies to every government, company, campaign group, researcher and media outlet.

Source hierarchy

  1. Original raw data with provenance
  2. Independent replication or corroboration
  3. Public archive or contemporaneous record
  4. On-record first-hand testimony
  5. Government or institutional publication
  6. Secondary commentary
  7. Anonymous or unattributed claim

Publication checklist

  • Who published the record and what interests do they hold?
  • Are the underlying data and methods available?
  • Has a genuinely independent party reproduced the conclusion?
  • Are event and publication dates distinguished?
  • Is testimony labelled as testimony?
  • Is uncertainty visible without opening a footnote?